How and Why Did the Nazi Treatment of Jews Change Between...

| How and why did the Nazi treatment of Jews change between the years 1933 and 1945? | Curran De Braganca | How and why did the Nazi treatment of Jews change between the years 1933 and 1945? Most of us have heard of the Nazi party’s horrific, genocidal regime on destroying the Jewish race, but what events led up to their dire judgement? In this study I aim to uncover the events, reasons and changes which led to the Holocaust and the further changes in the treatment of the Jewish race by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party. In the aftermath of the First World War, Germany is under the Judgment of the Allies as a result of Allied victory Germany is being blamed for most of the war, The Treaty of Versailles stated that they: *†¦show more content†¦In other words it was claimed that the Jews had caused Germanys defeat in World War 1. Potentially, this made anti-Semitism explosive in Germany. * People were Jealous. Some Jews were successful and held powerful positions in Austria and Germany in the 1920s and 1930s. Germany was hit the hardest by the worldwide economic depression which started in 1929, and successful Jews were envied. * In a large amount of Europe, Jews were thought to have Communist ideology. It is extremely evident that Jews were the main target for dire judgmental opinions, but there was one man who had a passion for Germany; he believed he was the ‘saviour’ of Germany, this man served in the first world war, and it was then, near the end of the war, recovering from a war wound, when Germany was weak and crumbling, he made a vow to himself, that he would be the one, to make Germany strong, he was: Adolf Hitler. Adolf Hitler shared the same hatred towards the Jewish race as many Germans, he believed that they were the reason to Germany’s defeat in the First World War; there was nothing unique about his hatred, but the way he conveyed his message was extremely unique. After thirteen years of hard work and campaigning, On January 30th 1933, Adolf Hitler becomes theShow MoreRelatedThe Holocaust Was An Extremely Traumatic Event1690 Words   |  7 Pagestraumatic event that opened the eyes of many people about how brutal and malicious people can truly be. There is no single answer as to why this event occurred, there are many complex and inter-related causes for the Holocaust including; the economy of Germany, the ideology of the Nazis, Hitler’s personal racism, and outright fear. Now the Holocaust was the period from January 30, 1933 - when Adolf Hitler became the chancellor of Germany - to May 8, 1945, when the war in Europe finally ended. The HolocaustRead MoreWhat Was It Like To Live In The Time During The Holocaust?1247 Words   |  5 Pagesthe time during the holocaust? What made the holocaust so revolutionary? Nazi leader, Adolf Hitler had a masterplan to eliminate the jews in Germany, the Nazis became powerful in a way that they saw the Jews as inferior. Through 1933 till 1945, roughly more than 11 million people were murdered. During the holocaust 1/3 of all Jewish people alive were persecuted. They created transit, concentration camps to monitor the Jews during the war. The concentration camps took away the rights of the victimsRead MoreThe Holocaust During World War II1503 Words   |  7 Pageswas an event that took place from 1933 to 1945 in Germany. During this time, Adolf Hitler was in charge, resulting in the prejudice actions that are well written in history. Facing economic, social, and political oppression, thousands of German Jews wanted to flee, but found few countries wanting to take them in. Eventually, under Hitler’s leadership, some 6 million Jews were murdered during World War II. In this time period the Nazi’s waged a war against the Jews and other races that they consideredRead MoreAdolf Hitler And The Holocaust2262 Words   |  10 PagesWhen Adolf Hitler rose to power in 1933, he had a belief that race was the sole matter that defined the culture of a civilization. He influenced the country of Germany to change the ideological values that they previously abided by. This change marked the beginning of a new era, which led to the most pure ideological genocide that can be remembered to this day since there was no pragmatic motivation throughout the time period the Holocaust took place. It is a dark mark in the history of westernRead MoreEssay about The Holocaust4385 Words   |  18 PagesThe Holocaust All throughout history, Jews have been persecuted. The Jews were blamed for killing Jesus and the idea of anti- Semitism has been around centuries before Adolf Hitler and the Nazis. Adolf Hitler led the Nazis to power in 1933 promising to make Germany powerful and respected by the rest of the world. He promised to fight Communism, to find jobs for the six million unemployed workers in Germany, to Read MoreA Paradox Of Innocence : An Essay3669 Words   |  15 Pagescase right next-door. As a nine-year-old boy, Bruno has no idea that his father was running a mass concentration camp right next door to his house and exterminating Jews including his new friend Shmuel. Instead, Bruno acquired an irreproachable friendship due to his innocent way of thinking that allowed for him to ignore society’s prejudices against his Jewish friend Shmuel. This essay will provide information regarding the Holocaust and hash treatment of the Jews within the German concentrationRead MoreThe Holocaust : The Most Tragic Events Of History2183 Words   |  9 Pagesof the medical experiments are able to prove that it did. On January 19 ,1933 The Nazi’s invaded Germany. When dictator Adolf Hitler came to power he took many innocent lives by discriminating against the Jews, Gypsies, Jehovah s witness, Polish, socialist, Russ ians, and homosexuals. During the World War II, numerous German Doctors conducted inhumane and painful experiments on thousands of concentration camp prisoners without consent. The Nazi Party began human experiments exploring limitationsRead MoreHuman Rights Should Be Universal2463 Words   |  10 PagesFor example, Nazi Germany was doing some very unpleasing and terrible things to Europe in the 1930s and 40s during World War II. Because Germany was acting in such a way the United States stepped in and help resolve the issue. I will discuss some of the central themes of human rights discussed in class by demonstrating how the Nazi Party rose to power and mistreated individuals. The cruel actions that happened under the Third Reich were infringements on human rights and it changed how we handle themRead MoreMain Aspects of the Holocaust Essay8177 Words   |  33 PagesKristallnacht for the Nazi rise). I did this as I think the Holocaust has to be looked upon on a more personal and individual level to see how bad it was and you cant really do this by simply over viewing a certain topic. I have chosen to cover the main bog standard areas like camps, Ghettos etc. Because, although it is slightly unoriginal, I knew little about them and wanted to find something out. Also, I dont think people appreciate just how bad some aspects (likeRead MoreLife History of Adolf Hitler3980 Words   |  16 Pagesleaders ever to walk the Earth. It is hard to believe by most how such a cruel and oddly looking man became the leader of a very powerful country. Hitlers rise to power was not through that of brute force (except for his first try through the Beer Hall Putsch), but rather through his ideas of a better, superior Germany. In this paper I want to examine Hitlers childhood and life in the army during WW I, how it shaped his thoughts on Jews, and his tedious rise to Fur her in Germany. I also want

The Challenges For Unauthorized Immigrants - 921 Words

There are many beneficiaries because of DACA. â€Å"These challenges likely contribute to unauthorized immigrants’ below average levels of income, educational attainment, and above average levels of unemployment† (Pope 2). DACA beneficiaries have experienced a pronounced increase in economic opportunities, and that these benefits appear to be the strongest for those attending four-year colleges and those with college degrees† (Gonzales and Bautista-Chavez 1). The next section of article was based on a survey of 2, 381 individuals. 60% have obtained a new job / A2.6: 66% went from unemployed to employ. 79% better job 45% increase their earnings / 64% earn higher salary 41% got a job that provided health or other benefits 77% reported that they are now able to more consistently cover bills 78% are better able to contribute to monthly household cover bills (Article 2 6). This is direct evidence of the economic boost provided by DACA. (Gonzales and Bautista-Chavez 3) 57% have obtained a driver’s license 49% have opened their first bank account 33% have obtained their first credit card â€Å"DACA allow young people to overcome bureaucratic hurdles and to avoid sometimes awkward or uncomfortable situations† (Gonzales and Bautista-Chavez 4). Social improvement â€Å"Economic benefits appear to be greatest for those who attend four-year colleges and have already received their bachelor’s degree† (4). â€Å"Many of these young people work to contribute financially to their low-income parents† (5).Show MoreRelatedName: Chiagozie Harry Okeke. Date: 02/20/2017. My Proposal1308 Words   |  6 Pagesthe border control and security against unauthorized immigrants. Unauthorized immigrants in the United States of American border control has being a big problem and concern with regards to national security. There are a lot of people from various countries that want to migrate into United States for so many individual reasons known to them. The United States is a country known for countless jobs which other nations don’t have. A great number of immigrants, however, want to move away from theirRead MorePath to Citizenship1109 Words   |  5 PagesMarcella Santana Hanna Gray English 121 27 February 2013 Path to Citizenship The Heritage Foundations, Tim Kane, Ph.D., writes â€Å"America’s exceptional status as a ‘nation of immigrants’ is being challenged by globalization. The biggest challenge for policy makers is to distinguish illusory immigration from real problem. 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Purchasing forward contract to lock the price of materials in case of imposing tariff on importation. Taking loan in foreign countries with lower interest rate and purchasing currency future to avoid the exchange rate fluctuation. Introduction As a quickly growing global manufacturing company, we are facing various and potential opportunities and challenges within the global market. Manufacturing remains a crucialRead MoreThe Immigration Of The United States1632 Words   |  7 Pagesthemselves â€Å"why immigrate?† Although there are multiple answers to this question, many people face different challenges in life, and this just might have been what pushed the French and European to settle in the New World. Since the colonial era, America has seen a wave of immigrants migrate in search of freedom and equality. Is this the same immigration today? 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These efforts include restriction to access social space by the federal immigration officials, which limited their ability to build and sustain social and community life. The Department of Homeland Security effectively expelled undocumented immigrants from obtaining driving licenses, this made it hard for them to travel to job places, health centers as well as whenRead MoreImmigrants From Latin America s Annexa tion Of Mexico Essay1544 Words   |  7 Pages Historically, Latinos have struggled against ethnic labeling, immigration as well challenges surrounding education. This can traced back to mid-19th century when according to Harvest of Empire America’s annexation of Mexico which gave the United States Texas, California, and the southwest. â€Å"Mexico’s territory was cut by half and its mineral resources by three-quarters. These appalling numbers help explain so much. 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In this paper, I will be discussing the multiple stressors related to undocumented immigrants as well as the programs that can be used toRead MoreIllegal Immigrants And Illegal Immigration1286 Words   |  6 Pagesin the United States reveals one challenge facing the banks and other institutions: whether to provide banking and other services to the illegal immigrants or to treat them as criminals because they are illegal and therefore, not to provide them with banking and other services. The articles, â€Å"Crossing the Line† by Stein and â€Å"Illegal Immigrants – They’re Money,† by Rodriguez discuss the impact of illegal immigration in the United States and how the illegal immigrants should be treated. They both reference

Analysis of Cryptocurrency Marketplace †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Analysis of Cryptocurrency Marketplace. Answer: Introduction Cryptocurrency refers to any digital asset that is designed to work as exchange medium using cryptographic methods to secure transactions (Dictionary.cambridge.org 2017). Cryptocurrencies also help in controlling the creation of additional currency units. These are considered to be a part of digital currencies, virtual currencies and alternative currencies. In this report is investigated the increasing use of cryptocurrency. This report analyses the growing industry of cryptocurrencies and the effect of it on the global scenario. The report will discuss the origin of the concept of these currencies and three such cryptocurrencies. In the following report, a paper on Bitcoin by Satoshi Nakamoto is discussed which discusses the origin of cryptocurrencies. This report goes on to draw comparisons on the capabilities and resources needed by personal and commercial users to mine such cryptocurrencies and sheds light on the viability and costs of bitcoin. This report further discusses the t hreat that these cryptocurrencies pose to the financial organizations that deal with hard currency, the ways in which these currencies are put to use by people with a criminal mindset. The report ends with the interest taken by the government of China in cryptocurrencies and implications of the same all around the globe. The cryptocurrency system is decentralized and is produced collectively by the total cryptocurrency system. A group or an individual named Satoshi Nakamoto created the underlying basic technical system of cryptocurrencies (Lemieux 2013). In case of cryptocurrencies, production is gradually decreased until there is a capping on the total amount of currencies circulating in the cloud. There are a number of such cryptocurrencies in use these days like Bitcoins, Ethereum, Litecoins, Auroracoins and many other such currencies. Background discussion based on a paper by Satoshi Nakamoto Cryptocurrency came into the being with the need of trusted third parties in the e-commercial financial transactions other than the existing financial institutions that deal in hard currency. The cost of transactions increase with the mediation cost involved in the transactions. There would be a certain amount of fraudulent practices that are unavoidable in case of electronic payments. The uncertainties of electronic payments can be avoided by making payments using physical currency. In case of electronic payments there must be present a trusted third party. Thus, a transaction medium is needed that allows willing parties the scope of engaging in a direct transaction between themselves without the need of any third party (Bitcoin.org 2017). These electronic payments are made using electronic coins that can be defined a digital signature chain. The coins are passed from owner to owner by digitally signing the previous transaction hash and the public key of the next owner. The payee has the freedom to verify the signatures but not the fact that the coin has not been doubly spent by the previous owner. This problem can be solved only if the parties involved are made aware of all the transaction history. The solution provided to the problem discussed is a timestamp server. The server works by widely publishing the hash of a certain block of things. A system of proof-of-work is needed to implement the distributed timestamp server. This also helps in solving the problem of deciding the representation of majority in decision-making. In case of hacking, a hacker needs to redo the proofs-of-work for all the blocks in order to actual nodes. There should be a properly run network that would track the progress of the node. In case of discrepancies the longer node is followed. There should be incentives for the nodes to remain honest towards the transaction. Any hacker who is greedy for more coins should find playing by the rules more profitable than adopting unfair means. The spent transactions of a certain bock should be removed after regular intervals to ensure saving of enough disk space to continue transactions. There are ways to provide for verification of payments made by a user. The user cannot check the transaction by himself but can find out whether the following nodes have accepted the transaction after linking the transaction to some place in the network chain. The verification of the transaction is deemed reliable as long as the network is controlled by the honest nodes in the chain. It becomes vulnerable if the network is controlled by a hacker. There are at least two outputs for every transaction. One output is dedicated towards payment while the other is used to produce returns towards the sender if there is any. Privacy of transactions can be maintained by keeping some of the publics keys of the transactions anonymous. A separate key pair should be used to prevent transactions to be linked to a common owner. Linking the other transactions could be traced back to belonging to one IP address if the owner of the key is revealed. Capabilities and resources required by small-scale and large-scale cryptocurrency users to mine the currencies In modern times, people find investing in equipment of digital currency mining profitable. They may set up the equipment and then spend months to mine the currencies while waiting for their investment return to set in. There are certain coins that are found to be profitable in terms of cost-benefit of the beginners. The mining of cryptocurrencies may be worth in case of it being a hobby but not for the sake of being a secondary income. Cryptocurrencies may generate a small income of almost a couple of dollars daily. Some of the cryptocurrencies such as Feathercoins, Dogecoins and Litecoins are easier to mine. A significant amount of profit can be earned from cryptocurrency mining only if a huge amount is invested into the business. Mining cryptocurrencies generally aim to provide for bookkeeping of coins. It aims to reward the miners for their accounting services. It tries to keep the miners costs down. There are a few things required for the mining of cryptocurrencies apart from high levels of curiosity on the part of the miner. Coin base A coin base is a database that is free and private (Marian 2013). It is a container that is protected by a password. It stores a miners earnings and keeps a ledger of the transactions held from all over the network. Mining software package A miner needs to have access to a free software package for mining (Cryptosource.org 2017). This mining software must be built of stratum and cgminer. Mining pool membership The miner must have a membership of an online pool for mining. This is a miners community in which miners combine and link their computers to gain an increment in the profitability and stability of income. Currency exchange membership The miner must be a member of an online forum of currency exchange. This would enable them to exchange their conventional cash for virtual coins and vice versa. Internet connectivity The miner needs to be connected to a high speed internet connection that is reliable. An ideal internet connection for mining cryptocurrencies should function at a speed of 2 megabits per second or higher. Hardware setup A miner needs to possess a cool location for setting up the hardware and a cooling system for cooling the computer as and when required. A custom-made computer or desktop is required for mining. It is recommended to abstain from using the current working computer of the miner because the miner may not be able to use the system for any other purposes while the mining is under process. The miner would also need a mining ASIC chip. This chip would provide the accounting services and the mining works. The miner needs a motherboard with three PCI-E slots for video cards (Cryptosource.org 2017). Bitcoins, on the other hand, can be mined by the large scale users only. The mining process involves a series of steps. These steps finally help encouraging the miners to compete with each other to come up with hashes that help meet the needed criteria. The miners of Bitcoin use a specific kind of software to solve mathematical problems. They are issued Bitcoins in exchange for the solved problems. This helps in providing a smarter way of issuing the currency thereby creating incentives for a larger number of people to mine the currencies. Cryptocurrency Introduction date Values Market trends Bitcoin 3rd January, 2009 1 bitcoin = around 4214.41 USD Prices have gone higher since October, 2015 (Worldcoinindex.com 2017). Litecoin 7th October, 2011 1 litecoin = around 51 USD Prices have gone higher since May, 2017 but have been fluctuating in the past 30 days (Worldcoinindex.com 2017). Ethereum 30th July, 2015 1 ethreum = around 292.3 USD Prices have gone higher since April, 2017 but have been fluctuating in the past 90 days (Worldcoinindex.com 2017). Costs and viability of bitcoin mining Bitcoins have been the first decentralized cryptocurrency that has been fully implemented. It is owned or controlled by no one and is open-source (Bitcoin.org 2017). The e-payments through these cryptocurrencies are facilitated based on validation and mathematical proof. Bitcoins can be exchanged for other services, products and currencies and vice-versa. These transactions are direct and take place between two users. Though fast, these transactions are irreversible in nature. These are transparent transactions yet anonymous In the present day scenario, it has become necessary for national banks to develop their own cryptocurrencies. The People's Bank of China, a national bank of China is on its way to become the first nationalized bank to develop as well as run a digital currency of its own. There are reports that suggest the use of some prototypes of the transactions between the national digital currency and some commercial banks of the country. In the present day scenario, though, China is reported to have banned the initial coin offerings or ICOs (Forbes.com 2017). This ban has hurt the local operators mostly. Cryptocurrencies may lead to eradication of the need for the financial organizations dealing with hard currencies (Bollen 2013). An increase in the number of users of cryptocurrencies is expected in near future. Thus it can be predicted that there will be a substantial amount of decline in the number of payments made and received through conventional methods. During recent times, there has been a rise in the number of criminal activities involving cryptocurrencies. Criminals prefer the cryptocurrencies due to the provision of irreversible and private payment windows (Bitcoin.org 2017). PESTEL analysis and Porters Five Forces model The following table provides a PESTEL analysis of Bitcoin, the first decentralized cryptocurrency. Political analysis No government body is in control of this currency. Financial institutions of many countries of the world are barred from accepting these cryptocurrencies (Heid 2013). There are some countries like Canada, United States and EU that are considered Pro-bitcoin. Transactions involving bitcoins are generally allowed between two private parties. Economic analysis Market capitalization of bitcoins extends beyond 0.008% of the global GDP of 78 trillion dollars which amounts to almost 6 billion dollars. There exist 21 million bitcoins in the present days with almost 15359800 of the total number in circulation. The ability of the federal government of conducting monetary policies remain unaffected by the cryptocurrencies (Brenig, Accorsi, and Mller 2015). Bitcoin is widely used in the global market by more than 88000 merchants. Socio-cultural analysis The driving force behind the popularity of the cryptocurrencies is the anonymity of operations (Clarke and Tooker 2017). These cryptocurrencies have wide range of reaches and helps in savings by skipping the cost of processing that can be incurred in the traditional payment methods. The increase in the number of merchants adopting this technology of payment results in the increase of the number of customers availing the same. Technological analysis Block chains or the public ledger of Bitcoins need to be leveraged Environmental analysis An increase in the requirement of computational power is experienced with the growth of demand of the cryptocurrencies. Miners try and find alternative sources of electricity such as the cheap variety of coal in old places of production (Zohar 2015). Bitcoin is associated with 1.5 tonnes of carbon-dioxide emission. Legal analysis Any kind of regulatory measures against Bitcoins are hindered due to the decentralized nature of the cryptocurrency (Chuen 2015). This legal scenario is on its way to change. Many countries like USA, EU and Canada are working on measures to impost regulations on the cryptocurrency usage. In order to sustain itself in the market, a cryptocurrency must follow the five forces model of management by Porter. According to this model, the threats to the business due to new entrants must be removed. The threats due to the substitutes present in the market must also be removed. A business firm must be aware of the rivalry intensity among the other firms functioning in similar businesses. The firm should also keep an eye on the power of bargaining of the customers and the suppliers (E. Dobbs 2014; Rothaermel 2015). Conclusion Despite the issues and challenges faced, the landscape and scope of cryptocurrencies are still on its way of evolution. In the present day, cryptocurrencies are almost in the same footing as the concept of internet was back in the year 1990. The concept is in its formative stages and would need to go through a number of changes to be established as an alternate transaction method for the common man. Bitcoins may have earned the title of the first ever decentralized cryptocurrency but it might not be able to earn for itself the title of one of the major future cryptocurrencies. Despite its shortcomings, the open technology platform of bitcoins has been the forerunner of a smoother and more seamless digital economy globally. References Bitcoin.org 2017. [online] Available at: https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf [Accessed 3 Oct. 2017]. Bitcoin.org 2017.Bitcoin - Open source P2P money. [online] Bitcoin.org. Available at: https://bitcoin.org/en/ [Accessed 5 Oct. 2017]. Bitcoin.org 2017.Press - Bitcoin. [online] Bitcoin.org. Available at: https://bitcoin.org/en/press [Accessed 4 Oct. 2017]. Bollen, R., 2013. The legal status of online currencies: are bitcoins the future?.Browser Download This Paper. Brenig, C., Accorsi, R. and Mller, G., 2015, May. Economic Analysis of Cryptocurrency Backed Money Laundering. InECIS. Chuen, D.L.K. ed., 2015.Handbook of digital currency: Bitcoin, innovation, financial instruments, and big data. Academic Press. Clarke, C. and Tooker, L., 2017. Social finance meets financial innovation: contemporary experiments in payments, money and debt.Theory, Culture Society. Cryptosource.org 2017.Part 1: Hardware Requirements. [online] CryptoSource. Available at: https://cryptosource.org/mining/hardware-requirements/ [Accessed 5 Oct. 2017]. Cryptosource.org 2017.Part 2: Software Requirements. [online] CryptoSource. Available at: https://cryptosource.org/mining/software-requirements/ [Accessed 5 Oct. 2017]. Dictionary.cambridge.org 2017.cryptocurrency Meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary. [online] Dictionary.cambridge.org. Available at: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/cryptocurrency [Accessed 5 Oct. 2017]. Dobbs, M., 2014. Guidelines for applying Porter's five forces framework: a set of industry analysis templates.Competitiveness Review,24(1), pp.32-45. Forbes.com 2017.Forbes Welcome. [online] Forbes.com. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/kenrapoza/2017/09/06/chinas-ico-ban-doesnt-mean-its-giving-up-on-crypto-currencies/#7d3c90767aeb [Accessed 5 Oct. 2017]. Heid, A., 2013. Analysis of the Cryptocurrency Marketplace.Retrieved February,15, p.2014. Lemieux, P., 2013. Who Is Satoshi Nakamoto?.Regulation,36(3), p.14. Marian, O.Y., 2013. Are Cryptocurrencies' Super'Tax Havens?. Rothaermel, F.T., 2015.Strategic management. McGraw-Hill Education. Worldcoinindex.com 2017.Bitcoin price | index, chart and news | WorldCoinIndex. [online] Worldcoinindex.com. Available at: https://www.worldcoinindex.com/coin/bitcoin [Accessed 4 Oct. 2017]. Worldcoinindex.com 2017.Ethereum price | index, chart and news | WorldCoinIndex. [online] Worldcoinindex.com. Available at: https://www.worldcoinindex.com/coin/litecoin [Accessed 4 Oct. 2017]. Worldcoinindex.com 2017.Litecoin price | index, chart and news | WorldCoinIndex. [online] Worldcoinindex.com. Available at: https://www.worldcoinindex.com/coin/litecoin [Accessed 4 Oct. 2017]. Zohar, A., 2015. Bitcoin: under the hood.Communications of the ACM,58(9), pp.104-113.

Mills Utilitarianism Sacrifice The Innocent For The Common Good Essa

Mill's Utilitarianism: Sacrifice The Innocent For The Common Good? Body of Essay : Mill's Utilitarianism: Sacrifice the innocent for the common good? When faced with a moral dilemma, utilitarianism identifies the appropriate considerations, but offers no realistic way to gather the necessary information to make the required calculations. This lack of information is a problem both in evaluating the welfare issues and in evaluating the consequentialist issues which utilitarianism requires be weighed when making moral decisions. Utilitarianism attempts to solve both of these difficulties by appealing to experience; however, no method of reconciling an individual decision with the rules of experience is suggested, and no relative weights are assigned to the various considerations. In deciding whether or not to torture a terrorist who has planted a bomb in New York City, a utilitarian must evaluate both the overall welfare of the people involved or effected by the action taken, and the consequences of the action taken. To calculate the welfare of the people involved in or effected by an action, utilitarianism requires that all individuals be considered equally. Quantitative utilitarians would weigh the pleasure and pain which would be caused by the bomb exploding against the pleasure and pain that would be caused by torturing the terrorist. Then, the amounts would be summed and compared. The problem with this method is that it is impossible to know beforehand how much pain would be caused by the bomb exploding or how much pain would be caused by the torture. Utilitarianism offers no practical way to make the interpersonal comparison of utility necessary to compare the pains. In the case of the bomb exploding, it at least seems highly probable that a greater amount of pain would be caused, at least in the present, by the bomb exploding. This probability suffices for a quantitative utilitarian, but it does not account for the consequences, which create an entirely different problem, which will be discussed below. The probability also does not hold for Mill's utilitarianism. Mill's Utilitarianism insists on qualitative utilitarianism, which requires that one consider not only the amount of pain or pleasure, but also the quality of such pain and pleasure. Mill suggests that to distinguish between different pains and pleasures we should ask people who have experienced both types which is more pleasurable or more painful. This solution does not work for the question of torture compared to death in an explosion. There is no one who has experienced both, therefore, there is no one who can be consulted. Even if we agree that the pain caused by the number of deaths in the explosion is greater than the pain of the terrorist being tortured, this assessment only accounts for the welfare half of the utilitarian's considerations. Furthermore, one has no way to measure how much more pain is caused by allowing the bomb to explode than by torturing the terrorist. After settling the issues surrounding the welfare, a utilitarian must also consider the consequences of an action. In weighing the consequences, there are two important considerations. The first, which is especially important to objectivist Utilitarianism, is which people will be killed. The second is the precedent which will be set by the action. Unfortunately for the decision maker, the information necessary to make either of these calculations is unavailable. There is no way to determine which people will be killed and weigh whether their deaths would be good for society. Utilitarianism requires that one compare the good that the people would do for society with the harm they would do society if they were not killed. For example, if a young Adolf Hitler were in the building, it might do more good for society to allow the building to explode. Unfortunately for an individual attempting to use utilitarianism to make for decisions, there is no way to know beforehand what a person will do. Furthermore, without even knowing which building the bomb is in, there is no way to predict which people will surely be in the building. A subjectivist utilitarian would dismiss this consideration and would examine only what a rational person would consider to be the consequence; however, even the subjectivist utilitarian must face the question of precedent setting. Utilitarianism considers justice and humane treatment to be good for society as a whole and therefore instrumentally good as a means to promoting happiness. Utilitarianism considers precedent to be important, but does not offer any method of determining exceptions. It is impossible to determine how much effect on precedent any given isolated action will have. In the case of determining whether or not to torture